The city is built west of the Iskar river, and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths. Inmates designated as a verified Security Risk Group member are classified as level three. Serdica's citizens of Thracian descent were referred to as Illyrians[80] probably because it was at some time the capital of Eastern Illyria (Second Illyria).[89]. [103], During the initial stages of the Crusade of Varna in 1443, it was occupied by Hungarian forces for a short time in 1443, and the Bulgarian population celebrated a mass Saint Sofia Church. [130] One of the three buildings in the architectural ensemble, the former Bulgarian Communist Party headquarters, is due to become the seat of the Parliament. Another Christian monument in the region is the Saint Joseph Catholic Cathedral. [45] The snowiest recorded winter was 1995/1996 with a total snowfall of 171cm (67.3in). We provide training, technical assistance, and information resources on the design and operation of direct supervision jails and on key elements in managing inmate behavior in all types of jails. [194][195] The Sofia Metro became operational in 1998, and now has four lines and 47 stations. In 2015 seven new stations were opened and the underground extended to Sofia Airport on its Northern branch and to Business Park Sofia on its Southern branch. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica. 18792004". It is the policy of the ODRC to maintain a classification level system that creates a process for the classification of individuals according to their security risk. A refurbishment project is due to be completed in mid-2019,[131] while the old National Assembly building will become a museum or will only host ceremonial political events. Vitosha is in the south; the Balkan Mountains define the valley's northern fringes. [145] The Ivan Vazov National Theatre, which performs mainly classical plays and is situated in the very centre of the city, is the most prominent theatre. Some known holders of the title were Kaloyan, Peter and their relative Aleksandar Asen (d. after 1232), a son of Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria (r.11891196). During the Communist Party rule, a number of the city's most emblematic streets and squares were renamed for ideological reasons, with the original names restored after 1989.[115]. In 1530 Sofia became the capital of the Ottoman province (beylerbeylik) of Rumelia for about three centuries. [78][87] It gradually became the most important Roman city of the region. On average, Sofia receives a total snowfall of 96cm (37.8in) and 57 days with snow cover. We provide training on key elements in jail administration, jail resource management, and building a productive relationship between jail officials and their funding authority. The mountain offers favourable skiing conditions during the winter. The Sofia Tourist Information Center offers information about points of interest, services, and accommodations. NY: Harry N. Abrams Inc., 1998. The Polytechnical Museum has more than 1,000 technological items on display. "[A]reas in which jails tend to be deficient, suggesting the need for new or revised forms of NIC assistance" are identified (p.2). This process will consider behavior and such other objective factors as are available and relevant when assessing an individual's institutional security needs. Sofia is also home to Bulgarias most prestigious and largest educational institutions universities, colleges, and middle schools that offer solidly-grounded, up-to-date instruction in such disciplines as Architecture, Medicine, The Humanities, Engineering, Music and Choreography, and Fine Arts. During the Communist era, most sports clubs concentrated on all-round sporting development, therefore CSKA, Levski, Lokomotiv and Slavia are dominant not only in football, but in many other team sports as well. Basketball and volleyball also have strong traditions in Sofia. Lines 5 and 13 are shorter and provide connections to Kulata and Bankya, respectively. Objective jail classification (OJC) is a process of assessing every jail inmate's custody and program needs and is considered one of the most important management tools available to jail administrators and criminal justice system planners. Sofia Airport provides travelers with convenient connections to all major European cities, and from the central train station and bus station, passengers can reach every destination in the country. It was proposed as a capital by Marin Drinov and was accepted as such on 3 April 1879. The hot springs at Bankya, a nearby resort offer wonderful facilities for rest, recreation, and wellness. This guide to OJC is intended for both jail administrators and other officials involved in local criminal justice system issues. It is one of the main stations along BDZ Line 1, and a hub of Lines 2, 5 and 13. : +359 885 921 620 E-mail:chitalnyata@gmail.com. During May and June, The Palace of Culture welcomes performers participating in the festival Sofia Music Weeks. The capitals many theaters and galleries offer a wide range of interesting exhibits and shows. were built. The driest recorded year was 2000 with a total precipitation of 304.6mm (11.99in), while the wettest year on record was 2014 with a total precipitation of 1,066.6mm (41.99in). [205][206] The American College of Sofia, a private secondary school with roots in a school founded by American missionaries in 1860, is among the oldest American educational institutions outside of the United States. There are many more capitals in the city, such as the Polytechnical Museum, the Museum of Anthropology, and the Sports Museum. Amongst others, the population consisted of Muslims, Bulgarian and Greek speaking Orthodox Christians, Armenians, Georgians, Catholic Ragusans, Jews (Romaniote, Ashkenazi and Sephardi), and Romani people. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. He considered making Serdica the capital of the Byzantine Empire instead of Constantinople. Shopi speak the Western Bulgarian dialects. While the 1818 and 1858 earthquakes were intense and destructive, the 2012 Pernik earthquake occurred west of Sofia with a moment magnitude of 5.6 and a much lower Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong). A guide "developed to enhance the leadership skills, knowledge, and capabilities of jail administrators on issues of basic jail administration" is presented (p. v). Regular performances began in 1909. [25], The population of Sofia declined from 70,000 in the late 18th century, through 19,000 in 1870, to 11,649 in 1878, after which it began increasing. We provide training, technical assistance, and information resources on all phases of new-jail planning. - , , "": ", "HE Prime Minister Presides Over Cabinet Regular Meeting", " , , , , ", "Sofia, Shanghai to become sister cities", "Sofia, Budapest to Cooperate in Culture, Tourism, Economy", "Acordos de geminao, de cooperao e de amizade", Sofia by Night Light: A Photographic Exhibition, Etymological list of provinces of Bulgaria, Institutional seats of the European Union, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sofia&oldid=1134415457, Populated places established in the 7th millennium BC, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference, Articles with dead external links from May 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with Bulgarian-language sources (bg), Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list, Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list, Articles containing Bulgarian-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2021, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Sofia was designated as European Capital of Sport in 2018. We provide training to help local jurisdictions learn the core elements of CITs and assess agency readiness to start a CIT. [156] A velodrome with 5,000 seats in the city's central park is undergoing renovation. Armeets Arena holds many indoor events and has a capacity of up to 19,000 people depending on its use. In 1945, the communist Fatherland Front took power. The Edict of Toleration by Galerius was issued in 311 in Serdica by the Roman emperor Galerius, officially ending the Diocletianic persecution of Christianity. Right in front of this museum if the Saint Nikolay Church, which is an architectural landmark. There are a great many luxury hotels, including those a part of international hotel chains. [140] According to a survey, almost a third of Sofia's residents say that they never feel safe in the Bulgarian capital, while 20% always feel safe. In the 1st century BC, Serdika was captured by the Romans, who transformed it into a Roman city. Sofia's geographic location, in the foothills of the weekend retreat Vitosha mountain, further adds to the city's specific atmosphere. If they choose to engage in disruptive or violent behavior, they may move up the tier system to higher security levels, but there is always a sense of hope they can return to a previous status. [188] All major types of transport (except water) are represented in the city. Springs and autumns in Sofia are usually short with variable and dynamic weather. Weather can be very unstable and dynamic with sudden significant temperature amplitudes. Public investments in infrastructure, education and local economy brought greater diversity to the city. Heinrichs. There are around 13,000 taxi cabs operating in the city. During the decline of the Roman Empire, the city was raided by Huns, Visigoths, Avars and Slavs. Being a pedestrian zone, it is a very pleasant place for strolling and relaxation. In total there were 11 big and over 100 small mosques by the 17th century. Akademai Klado, 1966. The considerable immigration to the capital from poorer regions of the country, as well as urbanisation, are among the other reasons for the increase in Sofia's population. Sofia was declared the national capital in 1879. There is also a wide variety of hostels and smaller family guesthouses. Vitosha mountain is a popular hiking destination due to its proximity and ease of access via car and public transport. The Sofia Zoological Garden in the southern part of the city is the countrys largest zoo. A number of ancient Roman, Byzantine and medieval Bulgarian buildings are preserved in the centre of the city. Most prominent churches such as Saint Sofia and Saint George were converted into mosques, and a number of new ones were constructed, including Banya Bashi Mosque built by the renowned Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan. [158] Nearly all of these were constructed as competition venues and therefore have seating facilities for several hundred people. Prison Classification. The author outlines specific aspects of system implementation, automation, monitoring, and evaluation of OJC systems. This web site uses cookies. [71], Particulate matter concentrations are consistently above the norm. When the Romanian Army entered Vrazhdebna in 1913, then a village 11 kilometres (7 miles) from Sofia, now a suburb,[113] this prompted the Tsardom of Bulgaria to capitulate. By the 19th century the Bulgarian population had two schools and seven churches, contributing to the Bulgarian National Revival. In the coldest days temperatures can drop below 15C (5F), most notably in January. [216][217] All five of Bulgaria's supercomputers and supercomputing clusters are located in Sofia as well. Demographic Information. New residential areas were built in the outskirts of the city, like Druzhba, Mladost and Lyulin. Mount Vitosha borders on the Vitosha Natural Park, which is the oldest nature reserve on the Balkan Peninsula. Opportunities for sport and recreation in the capital are many and varied outdoor swimming pools, tennis courts, modern gymnasiums and sports halls, and parks. [92] which was already not dissimilar to a tetrarchic capital of the Roman Empire. [20] The city has been described as the "triangle of religious tolerance". Since Mount Vitosha is a preferred destination for the capitals residents, its fields and paths are alive with nature lovers. : +359 2 4918344 Tel. One of the most popular tourist destinations in Sofia, the church can hold roughly 5,000 people, and on important Christian holidays, it is filled with believers. [190], Public transport is well-developed with bus (2,380km (1,479mi)),[191] tram (308km (191mi))[192] and trolleybus (193km (120mi))[193] lines running in all areas of the city. The Georgi Dimitrov Mausoleum, where Dimitrov's body had been preserved in a similar way to the Lenin mausoleum, was demolished in 1999. Sofia preserves many valuable monuments to its long and storied past. There are separate reception centers for females, male youth, and adult males. [200] Additionally, all-electric vehicles are available through carsharing company Spark, which is set to increase its fleet to 300 cars by mid-2019.[201]. Iztok Zapad, 2005. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGeographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria1980 (. [95][97], The city eventually fell to the Byzantine Empire in 1018, following the Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria. Level 2 - A security level for individuals who are deemed in need of more supervision than Level 1, but less than Level 3. When it comes to the cityscape, 16th century sources mention eight Friday mosques, three public libraries, numerous schools, 12 churches, three synagogues, and the largest bedesten (market) of the Balkans. Serdica was a significant city on the Roman road Via Militaris, connecting Singidunum and Byzantium. It was the capital of the important Sanjak of Sofia as well, including the whole of Thrace with Plovdiv and Edirne, and part of Macedonia with Thessaloniki and Skopje. Its bell tower rises to a height of 53 meters, and houses 53 bells, the heaviest weighing 10 tons. The Bulgarian patron saint John of Rila was buried in Sredets by orders of Emperor Peter I in the mid 10th century. Limes. The venue was inaugurated on 30 July 2011, and the first event it hosted was a friendly volleyball match between Bulgaria and Serbia. The city receives an average precipitation of 625.7mm (24.63in) a year, reaching its peak in late spring and early summer when thunderstorms are common. [51] The warmest year on record was 2019 with an annual temperature of 11.9C (53F).[52]. [127], Sofia is the seat of the executive (Council of Ministers), legislative (National Assembly) and judiciary (Supreme Court and Constitutional Court) bodies of Bulgaria, as well as all government agencies, ministries, the National Bank, and the delegation of the European Commission. In the 15th and 16th century, Sofia was expanded by Ottoman building activity. [133], With a murder rate of 1.7/per 100.000 people (as of 2009[update]) Sofia is a quite safe capital city. Skiing equipment can be rented and skiing lessons are available. [99] Several of the city's governors were members of the Bulgarian imperial family and held the title of sebastokrator, the second highest at the time, after the tsar. [69] The European Commission has taken Bulgaria to court over its failure to curb air pollution. This is noticeably changing in the past years. It takes its source in Rila, Bulgaria's highest mountain,[41] and enters Sofia Valley near the village of German. The Ethnographic Museum and the Museum of Military History hold large collections of Bulgarian folk costumes and armaments, respectively. All facility staff assigned to classification duties shall be adequately trained in the facility's classification process. In 1867 was inaugurated the first chitalishte in Sofia a Bulgarian cultural institution. Prison classification is a method of assessing inmate risks that balance security requirements with program needs. [84][85][86] The ancient city is located between TZUM, Sheraton Hotel and the Presidency. The route from Western Europe to Istanbul passes through Sofia via Beograd and Skopje, then through Plovdiv to Turkey. The Boyana Church, a UNESCO World Heritage site, contains realistic frescoes, depicting more than 240 human images and a total 89 scenes, were painted. [181] Several office and tech clusters have been established across the city, including Business Park Sofia, Sofia Tech Park, Capital Fort and others. inmate classification vg3 alabama meaning a nice variety of treatment and work programs too. In honor of its hot springs, in the 8th century BC the Thracian tribes settled here gave the city its first name Serdika or Serdonpolis. Factors considered include, but are not limited to: Individuals will be placed at the lowest level of security possible that is still sufficient to ensure the safety and security of persons, the institution, and the community. In the immediate vicinity, other historical remains are preserved, such as the municipal baths, the marketplace, and The Holy Sunday Church. The origin is in the Greek word sophia () "wisdom". There are 16 industrial and logistics parks in Sofia, some sprawling to towns in neighbouring Sofia Province, such as Bozhurishte, Kostinbrod and Elin Pelin. It holds a collection of Eastern Orthodox icons from the 9th to the 19th century. Any detainee who cannot be classified because of missing information at the time
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